Rogers, the Universal Electrical Communications Union, and the Limitations of the International Telegraph Union as a Global Actor in the 1920s 3.1 The Rationale for a Universal Electrical Communications Unionģ.2 Corporate Opposition to the Universal Electrical Communications Unionģ.3 The Legacy of the 1920 Washington ConferenceĤ ITU, the Development Debate, and Tech nical Cooperation in the Global South, 1950 – 1992 4.1 IntroductionĤ.2 The ITU “Discovering” Development in the 1950sĤ.3 From Expert Missions to National Telecommunication Development Plans in the 1950s and 1960sĤ.4 ITU Experts Between Cooperation and Conflict in the 1960s and 1970sĤ.5 Between “Veritable Partnership” and “Civilizing Mission” in the 1970sĤ.6 Old Disputes, New Development Concepts and ITU ResearchĤ.7 The Independent Commission for World-Wide Telecommunications Development and The Missing Link Report (1985)Ĥ.8 Epilogue: From the Birth of the ITU-D to ICT for Developmentĥ The Rising Role of China in the Promotion of Multilateral Internet Governance, 1994 – 2014 5.1 The ITU and China: A Historical Overviewĥ.7 ITU in China – A Preliminary Vision of Multilateral Modelĥ.8 China at the World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) – Presenting a Multilateral Vision in a Multi-Stakeholder Arenaĥ.9 China and IGF – A Multilateral Model with some Multi-Stakeholder CharacteristicsĪnnex 1 China ITU Profile at 23 July 2018Ħ Is the International Telecommunication Union Still Relevant in “the Internet Age?” Lessons From the 2012 World Conference on International Telecommunications (WCIT) 6.1 Corporate Interests Have Played a Significant Role at the ITU Since the 1870sĦ.3 Proposed Changes to the ITRs Were About Economics and Interconnection Versus Internet Censorship and ControlĦ.4 The ITU and the “Right to Communicate” Versus Nation-States’ Rights to Monitor, Block and Suspend Information Flows Since the 1850sĦ.5 Concluding Thoughts on the ITU and Global Internet Governance in Dark Times Petersburg Telegraph Convention and Imperial RussiaĢ ITU, Submarine Cables and African Colonies, 1850s – 1900s 2.1 The Role of Submarine Telegraphy in the Time of the First Globalizationģ When Techno-Diplomacy Failed: Walter S. Part I ITU as a Global Actor in the History of Telecommunications Marsha Siefertġ The Russian Empire and the International Telegraph Union, 1856 – 1875 1.1 Introductionġ.2 “Techno-Diplomacy” and the Russian Empireġ.3 The ITU, the Russian Empire and Key Issues of Debateġ.4 The St.

Introduction: The ITU as Actor, Arena, and Antenna of Techno-Diplomacy Actor, Arena, and Antenna

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